Housing assembly for a turbocharger

ABSTRACT

A compressor housing assembly is disclosed. The compressor housing assembly includes a compressor housing including a compressor housing flange. The compressor housing assembly may include a bearing housing. The bearing housing may include a body portion and a web. The web may extend outward from the body portion to a web end. The bearing housing may also include a bearing housing flange extending radially outward from the web. The compressor housing assembly may also include a clamping plate having a generally annular shape. The clamping plate may abut on the compressor housing flange and the bearing housing flange. In addition, the compressor housing assembly may include a fastener configured to attach the clamping plate to the compressor housing flange and the bearing housing flange.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to a housing assembly and, moreparticularly, to a housing assembly for a turbocharger.

BACKGROUND

Internal combustion engines, for example, diesel engines, gasolineengines, or natural gas engines employ turbochargers to delivercompressed air for combustion in the engine. A turbocharger compressesair flowing into the engine, helping to force more air into combustionchambers of the engine. The increased supply of air allows for increasedfuel combustion in the combustion chambers, resulting in increased poweroutput from the engine.

A typical turbocharger includes a shaft, a turbine wheel connected toone end of the shaft, a compressor wheel connected to the other end ofthe shaft, and bearings to support the shaft. Often a turbine housingsurrounds the turbine wheel and a separate compressor housing surroundsthe compressor impeller. In addition, the turbocharger may include abearing housing that surrounds the bearings and includes features thathelp prevent leakage of bearing lubrication oil into the turbine housingor the compressor housing. The turbine housing, the compressor housing,and the bearing housing are attached to each other via fasteners orother clamping mechanisms.

Hot exhaust from the engine flows through the turbine housing andexpands over the turbine wheel, rotating the turbine wheel and the shaftconnected to the turbine wheel. The shaft in turn rotates the compressorimpeller. Relatively cool air from the ambient flows through thecompressor housing where the compressor impeller compresses the air anddrives the compressed air into the combustion chambers of the engine.Because the exhaust from the engine is significantly hotter than theambient air, the turbine housing can experience temperaturessignificantly higher than the compressor housing. The bearing housing,lying between the turbine housing and the compressor housing,experiences temperatures relatively lower than that of the turbinehousing and relatively higher than that of the compressor housing.Because of the different temperatures of the turbine housing, thecompressor housing, and the bearing housing, these components mayexperience different amounts of thermal expansion. The differentialthermal expansion causes relative motion between the turbine housing,the compressor housing, and the bearing housing, making it difficult tokeep these components securely fastened to each other during operationof the turbocharger. Moreover, the relative motion may also inducemechanical fatigue in the connecting fasteners, reducing the useful lifeof the fasteners.

U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2013/0259661 of Shudo et al.that published on Oct. 3, 2013 (“the '661 publication”) discloses asealing structure for sealing joint surfaces of a turbine housing and abearing housing of a turbocharger. In particular, the '661 publicationdiscloses a turbine housing that has an end face including an inner endface that makes contact with a bearing housing. The '661 publicationdiscloses that the bearing housing has a flange that has a heightdifference relative to the end face of the turbine housing. The '661publication also discloses that a flanged bolt engages with the turbinehousing to connect the bearing housing and the turbine housing such thata flange of the bearing housing is sandwiched between the flange portionof the bolt and the inner end face of the turbine housing. The '661publication also discloses an embodiment which uses a washer abutting onthe turbine housing and bearing housing surfaces. A flanged bolt passesthrough the washer to engage with the turbine housing such that thebearing housing is sandwiched between the flange portion of the bolt andthe inner end face of the turbine housing. Although the '661 publicationdiscloses a flanged bolt with or without a washer to attach a turbinehousing and a bearing housing of a turbocharger, the disclosed method ofassembly may still not be optimal. For example, both the flange portionof the bolt and the washer may induce bending loads on the bolt, whichin turn may cause failure in the bolt.

The housing assembly of the present disclosure solves one or more of theproblems set forth above and/or other problems of the prior art.

SUMMARY

In one aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a compressorhousing assembly. The compressor housing assembly includes a compressorhousing including a compressor housing flange. The compressor housingassembly may include a bearing housing. The bearing housing may includea body portion and a web. The web may extend outward from the bodyportion to a web end. The bearing housing may also include a bearinghousing flange extending radially outward from the web. The compressorhousing assembly may also include a clamping plate having a generallyannular shape. The clamping plate may abut on the compressor housingflange and the bearing housing flange. In addition, the compressorhousing assembly may include a fastener configured to attach theclamping plate to the compressor housing flange and the bearing housingflange.

In another aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a turbinehousing assembly. The turbine housing assembly may include a turbinehousing wall. The turbine housing assembly may also include a bearinghousing including a bearing housing flange. The turbine housing assemblymay further include a clamping plate having a generally annular shape.The clamping plate may abut on the turbine housing wall and the bearinghousing flange. In addition, the turbine housing assembly may include atleast one fastener configured to attach the clamping plate to theturbine housing wall and the bearing housing flange.

In yet another aspect, the present disclosure is directed to aturbocharger. The turbocharger may include a turbine housing including aturbine housing wall. The turbocharger may also include a turbine wheeldisposed within the turbine housing and configured to be driven byexhaust received from an engine. Further, the turbocharger may include acompressor housing including a compressor housing flange. Theturbocharger may also include a compressor impeller disposed within thecompressor housing. The turbocharger may include a shaft connecting theturbine wheel and the compressor impeller. In addition, the turbochargermay include a bearing housing. The bearing housing may include a firstbearing housing flange configured to be attached to the compressorhousing flange. The bearing housing may also include a second bearinghousing flange configured to be attached to the turbine housing wall.The turbocharger may include a first clamping plate having a generallyannular shape. The first clamping plate may abut on the compressorhousing flange and the first bearing housing flange. The turbochargermay also include a second clamping plate having a generally annularshape. The second clamping plate may abut on the turbine housing walland the second bearing housing flange. The turbocharger may furtherinclude a first fastener configured to attach the first clamping plateto the compressor housing flange and the first bearing housing flange.In addition, the turbocharger may include a second fastener configuredto attach the second clamping plate to the turbine housing wall and thesecond bearing housing flange.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a cut-away view of an exemplary disclosed turbocharger;

FIG. 2 is a cut-away view of an exemplary disclosed compressor assemblyfor the turbocharger of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a another cut-away view of the exemplary disclosed compressorassembly for the turbocharger of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a pictorial view of a portion of the exemplary disclosedcompressor assembly of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a cut-away view of an exemplary disclosed turbochargercartridge for the turbocharger of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a cut-away view of an exemplary disclosed compressor housingassembly for the turbocharger of FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 is a pictorial illustration of an exemplary disclosed clampingplate for the compressor housing assembly of FIG. 6 or the turbinehousing assembly of FIG. 8; and

FIG. 8 is a cut-away view of an exemplary disclosed turbine housingassembly for the turbocharger of FIG. 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a turbocharger 10.Turbocharger 10 may be used with an engine (not shown) of a machine thatperforms some type of operation associated with an industry such asmining, construction, farming, railroad, marine, power generation, oranother industry known in the art. As shown in FIG. 1, turbocharger 10may include compressor stage 12 and turbine stage 14. Compressor stage12 may embody a fixed geometry compressor impeller 16 attached to ashaft 18. Compressor impeller 16 may include compressor hub 20 that mayextend from hub front end 22 to hub rear end 24. Compressor blades 26may be disposed on compressor hub 20 between hub front end 22 and hubrear end 24 in one or more rows. In one exemplary embodiment asillustrated in FIG. 1, compressor impeller 16 may include first row 28,second row 30, and third row 32 of compressor blades 26. First row 28 ofcompressor blades 26 may be disposed adjacent hub front end 22. Thirdrow 32 of compressor blades 26 may be disposed adjacent hub rear end 24.Second row 30 of compressor blades 26 may be disposed in between firstand third rows 28, 32 of compressor blades 26. Third row 32 ofcompressor blades 26 may be a rearmost row 32, which may be locatedclosest to hub rear end 24 as compared to first row 30 or second row 32.Although FIG. 1 illustrates only three rows (first row 28, second row30, and third row 32) of compressor blades 26, it is contemplated thatcompressor impeller 16 may include any number of rows 28, 30 ofcompressor blades 26. Turbine stage 14 may include a turbine wheel 34,which may also be attached to shaft 18. Turbine wheel 34 may includeturbine hub 36 and turbine blades 38 disposed around turbine hub 36.

Compressor stage 12 may be enclosed by compressor housing 40. Turbinestage 14 may be enclosed by turbine housing 42. Bearing housing 44 mayenclose bearings (not shown) that may support shaft 18. Bearing housing44 may be attached to compressor housing 40 via bolts 46. Likewise,bearing housing 44 may be attached to turbine housing 42 via bolts 48.Compressor impeller 16, shaft 18, turbine wheel 34, compressor housing40, turbine housing 42, and bearing housing 44 may be disposed aroundrotational axis 50 of turbocharger 10.

Exhaust gases exiting the engine (not shown) may enter turbine housing42 via turbine inlet 52 and exit turbine housing 42 via turbine outlet54. The hot exhaust gases may move through turbine housing 42, expandingagainst turbine blades 38, rotating turbine wheel 34. Rotation ofturbine wheel 34 may rotate shaft 18, which in turn may rotatecompressor impeller 16. Air may enter compressor housing 40 viacompressor inlet 56 and exit compressor housing 40 via compressor outlet58. As air moves through compressor stage 12, compressor impeller 16 mayspin and accelerate the air. Compressor stage 12 may include diffuserring 60, which may help slow down the air, causing an increase in thepressure of the air within compressor stage 12. Compressed air fromcompressor stage 12 may be directed into the engine.

As further illustrated in FIG. 1, compressor housing 40 may extend fromcompressor front end 62 to compressor rear end 64. Compressor housing 40may include intake portion 66, transition portion 68, diffuser portion70, and volute 72. Intake portion 66 may extend from adjacent compressorfront end 62 to first distal end 74 disposed between compressor frontend 62 and compressor rear end 64. In one exemplary embodiment asillustrated in FIG. 1, first distal end 74 may be disposed adjacent hubfront end 22 of compressor impeller 16. Intake portion 66 may have agenerally frusto-conical shape, which may help direct air from theambient into compressor housing 40. It is contemplated, however, thatintake portion 66 may have a generally cylindrical or any other type ofshape known in the art. Transition portion 68 of compressor housing 40may extend from first distal end 74 to second distal end 76 disposedbetween first distal end 74 and compressor rear end 64. In one exemplaryembodiment as illustrated in FIG. 1, second distal end 76 may bedisposed adjacent outer edge 78 of third row 32 of compressor blades 26.As illustrated in FIG. 1, transition portion 68 may have an innersurface 80 that may be radially separated from outer edges 78 ofcompressor blades 26 in first, second, and third rows 28, 30, 32 by aradial gap 82. Diffuser portion 70 may extend from second distal end 76to third distal end 84, which may be disposed adjacent volute 72. Volute72 may have a generally toroidal shape and may be disposed aroundrotational axis 50. Volute 72 may be connected to diffuser portion 70 atthird distal end 84. Intake portion 66, transition portion 68, anddiffuser portion 70 may help direct air from compressor inlet 56 tovolute 72 during operation of turbocharger 10.

FIG. 2 illustrates a cut-away view of an exemplary embodiment ofcompressor assembly 90 of turbocharger 10. As illustrated in FIG. 2,volute 72 may have a volute inner surface 92 that may extend from thirddistal end 84 to fourth distal end 94. In one exemplary embodiment asillustrated in FIG. 2, volute inner surface 92 may have a generallycircular cross-section. Fourth distal end 94 may be axially spaced apartfrom third distal end 84 in a direction towards compressor rear end 64.Volute 72 may be bounded by diffuser portion wall 96, volute top wall98, and volute rear wall 100. Volute rear wall 100 may be axiallyseparated from diffuser portion wall 96. Volute top wall 98 may connectdiffuser portion wall 96 and volute rear wall 100 to form a continuousand smooth volute inner surface 92.

As also illustrated in FIG. 2, bearing housing 44 may include bodyportion 102, web 104, and bearing housing flange 106. Body portion 102of bearing housing 44 may be disposed symmetrically around rotationalaxis 50. Web 104 may extend outward from body portion 102 to web end108. In one exemplary embodiment as illustrated in FIG. 2, web end 108may be disposed adjacent fourth distal end 94 and volute rear wall 100.Web end 108 may have a radius “R₁,” which may be larger than a radius“R₂” of outer edge 78 of third row 32 of compressor blades 26. As alsoillustrated in FIG. 2, for example, web 104 may be generally inclined atan angle θ₁ relative to an axial plane disposed generally orthogonal torotational axis 50. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognizethat surfaces inclined at an angle relative to an axial plane disposedgenerally orthogonal to rotational axis 50 would correspondingly beinclined relative to rotational axis 50.

Bearing housing flange 106 may extend radially outward from web end 108to bearing housing flange end 110. In one exemplary embodiment asillustrated in FIG. 2, bearing housing flange 106 may be disposedgenerally orthogonal to rotational axis 50. Bearing housing flange 106may have flange front face 112 and a flange rear face 114 disposedopposite to flange front face 112. Bearing housing flange 106 may alsohave a generally cylindrical flange outer surface 116, which may have aradius “R₃,” which may be larger than radius R₁ of web end 108. Flangefront face 112 may be disposed adjacent to and may abut on rear face 118of volute rear wall 100.

Bearing housing flange 106 may also include a flange recess 120, whichmay extend axially inwards from flange front face 112 towards flangerear face 114. Flange recess 120 may extend radially from adjacent webend 108 to recess outer edge 122. In one exemplary embodiment asillustrated in FIG. 2, recess outer edge 122 may have a radius “R₄,”smaller than radius R₃ of flange outer surface 116. Flange recess 120may have a recess seating surface 124 disposed axially spaced apart fromflange front face 112 and rear face 118 of volute rear wall 100. Recessseating surface 124 may have a generally annular shape and may extendfrom adjacent web end 108 to adjacent recess outer edge 122. Bearinghousing flange 106 may be attached to volute rear wall 100 of compressorhousing 40 via one or more bolts 46.

Web 104 may include a first web face 126, ledge 128, and second web face130. First web face 126 may extend outward from adjacent outer edge 78of third row 32 to ledge 128 disposed between outer edge 78 and web end108. First web face 126 may be inclined at an angle “θ₂” relative to anaxial plane disposed generally orthogonal to rotational axis 50. Firstweb face 126 may be disposed opposite to and axially spaced apart frominner wall 132 of diffuser portion 70 of compressor housing 40. Innerwall 132 may be inclined at an angle “θ₃” relative to an axial planedisposed generally orthogonal to rotational axis 50. First web face 126and inner wall 132 may form passageway 134. First web face 126 and innerwall 132 may have a smooth shape that may help ensure that air cantravel from outer edges 78 of compressor blades 26 through passageway134 without significantly altering a velocity or direction of the air.In one exemplary embodiment, first web face 126 may have a smoothcurvilinear shape that may conform to a shape of compressor blades 26.Likewise, inner wall 132 may have a smooth curvilinear shape that mayconform to a surface defined by outer edges 78 of compressor blades 26in first, second, and third rows 28, 30, 32.

Ledge 128 may have a generally cylindrical ledge outer surface 136,which may have a radius “R₅” relative to rotational axis 50. Ledge outersurface 136 may extend axially from first web face 126 to ledge end 138disposed between first web face 126 and compressor rear end 64. RadiusR₅ of ledge outer surface 136 may be larger than a radius “R₂” of outeredges 78 of compressor blades 26 in third row 32. Ledge outer surface136 may also include a generally annular groove 140. Ledge 128 mayinclude ledge axial face 142 that may be axially spaced apart from firstweb face 126. Ledge axial face 142 may be disposed at ledge end 138.Ledge axial face 142 may extend radially outward from ledge outersurface 136 to second web face 130. In one exemplary embodiment asillustrated in FIG. 2, ledge axial face 142 may intersect second webface 130 at ledge axial face end 144. In one exemplary embodiment asillustrated in FIG. 2, ledge axial face 142 may be disposed generallyorthogonal to rotational axis 50. Second web face 130 may extend fromledge axial face end 144 to web end 108. Second web face 130 may beinclined at an angle “θ₄” relative to an axial plane disposed generallyorthogonal to rotational axis 50.

Diffuser ring 60 may be disposed between inner wall 132 of compressorhousing 40 and second web face 130 of bearing housing 44. Diffuser ring60 may include back plate 146 and one or more vanes 148. In oneexemplary embodiment as illustrated in FIG. 2, back plate 146 may extendfrom back plate leading edge 150 to back plate trailing edge 152. Backplate 146 may have a generally annular shape. In one exemplaryembodiment as illustrated in FIG. 2, back plate leading edge 150 may bedisposed adjacent ledge outer surface 136 and back plate trailing edge152 may be disposed adjacent fourth distal end 94. Back plate 146 mayinclude front face 154, top face 156, bottom face 158, inclined rearface 160, axial rear face 162, and recess 164. Front face 154 of backplate 146 may extend from back plate leading edge 150 to back platetrailing edge 152. Front face 154 may have a generally curvilinear andsmooth shape and may be disposed opposite to and axially spaced apartfrom inner wall 132 of compressor housing 40. Front face 154 may beshaped to help ensure air from passageway 134 may smoothly flow overfront face 154.

Top face 156 of back plate 146 may extend axially from front face 154 toaxial rear face 162 disposed adjacent recess seating surface 124. Topface 156 may have a generally cylindrical shape. Top face 156 may bedisposed adjacent inner face 166 of volute rear wall 100. Inner face 166of volute rear wall 100 may also have a generally cylindrical shape. Topface 156 of back plate 146 may be radially separated from inner face 166by a radial gap 168. Bottom face 158 of back plate 146 may extendaxially from front face 154 towards inclined rear face 160 disposedadjacent second web face 130. Bottom face 158 may abut on ledge outersurface 136. Bottom face 158 may have a generally cylindrical shape. Itis contemplated, however, that bottom face 158 may have anon-cylindrical shape. Seal member 170 may be disposed in groove 140between ledge outer surface 136 and bottom face 158. In one exemplaryembodiment as illustrated in FIG. 2, seal member 170 may be an O-ring.It is contemplated, however, that seal member 170 may be a gasket or anyother type of sealing element known in the art. Seal member 170 mayprevent recirculation of air around back plate 146.

Axial rear face 162 of back plate 146 may be axially separated fromfront face 154 of back plate 146. Axial rear face 162 may extendradially inward from top face 156 to adjacent web end 108. Axial rearface 162 may connect top face 156 with inclined rear face 160. In oneexemplary embodiment as shown in FIG. 2, axial rear face 162 may bedisposed generally orthogonal to rotational axis 50. Inclined rear face160 may extend from axial rear face 162 adjacent web end 108 to adjacentledge axial face end 144. Inclined rear face 160 may be inclined at anangle “θ₅” relative to a plane disposed generally orthogonal torotational axis 50. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognizethat inclined rear face 160 would be inclined relative to top face 156and axial rear face 162. Inclined rear face 160 may be axially separatedfrom front face 154 of back plate 146. Inclined rear face 160 may bedisposed adjacent second web face 130. In one exemplary embodiment asillustrated in FIG. 2, inclined rear face 160 may be axially separatedfrom second web face 130 by cavity 172. Seal member 170 may prevent aflow of air from volute 72 to passageway 134 via cavity 172.

Recess 164 may be disposed adjacent bottom face 158 and between bottomface 158 and inclined rear face 160. Recess 164 may include recess upperface 174 and recess side face 176. Recess upper face 174 may have agenerally cylindrical shape and may extend axially from inclined rearface 160 towards front face 154. Recess upper face 174 may be radiallyseparated from ledge outer surface 136. In one exemplary embodiment asillustrated in FIG. 2, recess upper face 174 may have a radius “R₆”relative to rotational axis 50. Radius R₆ may be larger than radius R₅of ledge outer surface 136. Recess side face 176 may extend radiallyinward from recess upper face 174 to bottom face 158. In one exemplaryembodiment, recess side face 176 may have a generally annular shape,which may be disposed generally orthogonal to rotational axis 50. Recessside face 176 may be axially disposed between ledge axial face 142 andfront face 154. Recess side face 176 may be axially separated from ledgeaxial face 142.

Vane 148 may extend radially and axially outward from front face 154 ofback plate 146 to vane tip 178. In one exemplary embodiment asillustrated in FIG. 2, vane tip 178 may abut on inner wall 132 ofcompressor housing 40. Vane 148 may extend from a vane leading edge 180to a vane trailing edge 182. Vane leading edge 180 may be disposedadjacent back plate leading edge 150. Vane leading edge 180 mayintersect front face 154 of back plate 146 at a location which may beoffset from back plate leading edge 150. For example, as illustrated inFIG. 2, vane leading edge 180 may intersect front face 154 of back plate146 at a location disposed between back plate leading edge 150 and backplate trailing edge 152. As illustrated in FIG. 2, vane 148 may extendover a portion of front face 154 of back plate 146 so that vane trailingedge 182 may be offset from back plate trailing edge 152. Thus, forexample, a length “L₁” of front face 154 may be larger than a length“L₂” of vane 148. Air from passageway 134 may flow between vanes 148 andenter volute 72. A shape of each vane 148 and a circumferential spacingbetween vanes 148 may be selected so that vanes 148 may help reduce aspeed of the air flowing between vanes 148, thereby helping to increasea pressure of the air in volute 72.

Wave spring 184 may be disposed in recess 164 between ledge axial face142 and recess side face 176 of recess 164 in back plate 146. Wavespring 184 may have a generally annular shape having an inner radius,which may be larger than a radius R₅ of ledge outer surface 136. Wavespring 184 may include a plurality of waves on axial face 186 of wavespring 184. In one exemplary embodiment, wave spring 184 may have about11 waves. Wave spring 184 may have an axial thickness ranging from 2 mmto 4 mm. In an assembled configuration as illustrated in the exemplaryembodiment of FIG. 2, wave spring 184 may have a thickness ranging fromabout 1.5 mm to about 2.5 mm. Wave spring 184 may have a spring constantranging from about 20 to 30 N/mm (Newtons per mm). Wave spring 184 mayapply an axial load on back plate 146 to urge vane tips 178 to firmlyabut on and remain in contact with inner wall 132 of compressor housing40. By helping to keep vane tips 178 firmly in contact with inner wall132, wave spring 184 may help ensure that no appreciable amount of aircan leak from passageway 134 into volute 72 via gaps between vane tips178 and inner wall 132 of compressor housing 40.

As also illustrated in FIG. 2, vanes 148 may be disposed nearer tovolute 72 as compared to outer edges 78 of compressor blades 26 so as todefine a vaneless space 200. Vaneless space 200 may extend withinpassageway 134 from outer edges 78 of compressor blades 26 in third row32 to vane leading edges 180. Vaneless space 200 may have a generallyannular shape extending between inner wall 132 of compressor housing 40and first web face 126 of bearing housing 44. In one exemplaryembodiment, a radial extent “AR” of vaneless space 200 between midpoints202 and 204 may range from about 20% to 40% of a maximum radius R₂ ofcompressor blades 26.

Vaneless space 200 may be inclined at an angle “θ₆” relative to an axialplane disposed generally orthogonal to rotational axis 50. Angle θ₆ maybe measured between an axis 206 of vaneless space 200 and an axial planedisposed generally orthogonal to rotational axis 50. For example, axis206 of vaneless space 200 may be defined as a line connecting midpoints202 and 204 of passageway 134. Midpoint 202 may be disposed adjacent anouter edge 78 of compressor blades 26. Midpoint 204 may be disposedadjacent a vane leading edge 180. As used in this disclosure midpoint202 may be disposed within passageway 134 halfway between inner wall 132and second web face 130. Similarly, midpoint 204 may be disposed withinpassageway 134 halfway between inner wall 132 and front face 154 of backplate 146. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize that axis206 may not always be disposed parallel to inner wall 132 and/or secondweb face 130. As also illustrated in FIG. 2, a portion 208 of vanelessspace 200 may be disposed between inner wall 132 and second web face130. A remaining portion 210 of vaneless space 200 may be disposedbetween inner wall 132 and front face 154 of back plate 146.

The above description refers to angles θ₁, θ₂, θ₃, θ₄, θ₅, and θ₆. It iscontemplated that angles θ₁, θ₂, θ₃, θ₄, θ₅, and θ₆ may be equal orunequal. In one exemplary embodiment, each of angles θ₁, θ₂, θ₃, θ₄, θ₅,or θ₆ may range from about 0° to about 45°.

FIG. 3 illustrates another cut-away view of an exemplary embodiment ofcompressor assembly 90 of turbocharger 10. As illustrated in FIG. 3,volute rear wall 100 may include recess 220, which may extend axiallyfrom rear face 118 of volute rear wall 100 towards volute inner surface92. Volute rear wall 100 may have a thickness “t₁.” Recess 220 may havea depth “t₂,” which may be smaller than thickness t₁. Recess 220 mayinclude recess rear face 222, which may be disposed generally orthogonalto rotational axis 50. Recess rear face 222 may be disposed generallyparallel to axial rear face 162 of back plate 146 of diffuser ring 60.Recess 220 may also include recess side surface 224, which may extendaxially from rear face 118 of volute rear wall 100 to recess rear face222.

As illustrated in FIG. 3, back plate 146 of diffuser ring 60 may includeone or more tabs 226 disposed circumferentially around back plate 146. Acircumferential spacing between tabs 226 may be uniform or non-uniform.Tab 226 may extend radially outward from top face 156. Tab 226 may havea tab front face 228 and a tab rear face 230 disposed opposite tab frontface 228. Tab 226 may also have tab side surface 232 extending betweentab front face 228 and tab rear face 230. Tab front face 228 may bedisposed adjacent to and axially separated from recess rear face 222 byan axial gap 234. Tab side surface 232 may be radially separated fromrecess side surface 224 by a radial gap 236.

FIG. 4 illustrates a pictorial view of an exemplary embodiment ofcompressor assembly 90. As illustrated in FIG. 4, tab 226 may span acircumferential angle “φ.” In one exemplary embodiment, angle φ mayrange from about 5° to 10°. As illustrated in FIG. 4, a first tab 226may be disposed about a first diametrical axis 237 and a second tab 226may be disposed about a second diametrical axis 238. In one exemplaryembodiment as illustrated in FIG. 4, first diametrical axis 237 may bedisposed generally orthogonal to second diametrical axis 238. It iscontemplated, however, that first diametrical axis 237 may be disposedat any angle relative to second diametrical axis 238. Further, asillustrated in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 4, back plate 146 mayhave about 4 tabs 226. It is contemplated, however, that back plate 146may have any number of tabs 226. Tabs 226 may engage with recesses 220in volute rear wall 100. Tabs 226 may be configured to act asanti-rotational features that prevent rotation of back plate 146 aroundrotational axis 50.

As further illustrated in FIG. 4, volute rear wall 100 may include oneor more recesses 239. Recess 239 may have a depth, which may be smallerthan depth t₂ of recess 220. Recess 239 may include a hole 240, whichmay be threaded. Back plate 146 may be attached to volute rear wall 100by a fastener 242. Fastener 242 may pass through washer 244 andthreadingly engage with threads in hole 240. Washer 244 may abut onvolute rear wall 100 and axial rear face 162 of diffuser ring 60 toattach diffuser ring 60 to volute rear wall 100. Depths of recesses 220and 239 may be selected such that tab front face 228 may remain axiallyseparated from recess rear face 222 of volute rear wall 100. In oneexemplary embodiment as illustrated in FIG. 4, back plate 146 ofdiffuser ring 60 may include about four tabs 226. As also illustrated inthe exemplary embodiment of FIG. 4, diffuser ring 60 may be attached tovolute rear wall 100 using about three washers 244 and three fasteners242. It is contemplated, however, that any number of washers 244 andfasteners 242 may be used to attach volute rear wall 100 and diffuserring 60.

Returning to FIG. 3, compressor stage 12 may include shim 246. Shim 246may have a generally annular shape and may be disposed around rotationalaxis 50. Shim 246 may have a shim front face 248 disposed adjacent toand abutting on rear face 118 of volute rear wall 100. Shim 246 may alsohave a shim rear face 250 disposed opposite shim front face 248. Shimrear face 250 may be disposed adjacent to and may abut on recess seatingsurface 124. In one exemplary embodiment as illustrated in FIG. 3, shim246 may be attached to bearing housing flange 106 using one or morerivets 252. Rivets 252 may be circumferentially spaced from each other.A circumferential spacing between rivets 252 may be uniform ornon-uniform. In one exemplary embodiment a number of rivets 252 mayrange from about 6 to 12. Although the above description refers torivets 252, it is contemplated that bolts, screws, or any other types offasteners known in the art may be used to attach shim 246 to bearinghousing flange 106. Shim 246 may be configured to define a space 254between shim front face 248 and recess seating surface 124. Shim 246 andconsequently space 254 may have a thickness “t₃,” which may be selectedso that gaps between vane tips 178 and inner wall 132 of compressorhousing 40 can be reduced or eliminated after assembly of compressorhousing 40 with bearing housing 44.

FIG. 5 illustrates a pictorial view of an exemplary embodiment ofturbocharger cartridge 256. As illustrated in FIG. 5, turbochargercartridge 256 may include compressor impeller 16, shaft 18, turbinewheel 34, turbine housing 42, and bearing housing 44. Dimensionalmeasurements of turbocharger cartridge 256 combined with dimensionaltolerances on compressor housing 40 may be used to determine a maximumrequired thickness t₃ of shim 246. These dimensional measurements anddimensional tolerances may be used to select thickness t₃ of shim 246 sothat vane tips 178 may be firmly in contact with inner wall 132 ofcompressor housing 40 without introducing a gap between vane tips 178and inner wall 132. Thus, shim 246 and turbocharger cartridge 256 mayconstitute a matched set. By selecting thickness t₃ of shim 246 in thismanner, gaps between vane tips 178 and inner wall 132 may depend only onthe dimensional tolerances of compressor housing. In one exemplaryembodiment, thickness t₃ may be selected as a maximum thickness that maybe required to ensure that vane tips 178 come into contact with innerwall 132 based on the dimensional tolerances of compressor housing 40.In particular, an axial load may be applied to shaft 18, pushingcompressor impeller 16 away from turbine housing 42 and towardscompressor front end 62. An axial distance “A” between recess seatingsurface 124 and a gage location 258, on compressor impeller 16, may bemeasured.

An axial distance “B” (see FIG. 2) may be measured between rear face 118of volute rear wall 100 and a gage location 259 on inner wall 132 ofcompressor housing 40. Gage location 259 may be a predetermined locationon inner wall 132 of compressor housing 40. In one exemplary embodimentas illustrated in FIG. 2, gage location 259 may be disposed adjacent togage location 258. Further, a variation in distance B may be determinedbased on known manufacturing tolerances. Additionally or alternatively,the variation in distance B may be determined based on measurements ofdistance B on a plurality of compressor housings 40. A maximum thicknesst₃ may be determined based on distance A, distance B, and the variationof distance B, so that that vane tips 178 may remain in contact withinner wall 132 of compressor housing 40. For example, thickness t₃ maybe selected so that a distance “C” between recess seating surface 124 ofbearing housing flange 106 and gage location 259 may be greater than orequal to a sum of thickness t₃ (see FIG. 3) and a maximum value ofdistance B determined based on the variation in distance B. Shim 246having the maximum required thickness t₃ may be attached to bearinghousing flange 106 of bearing housing 44 in turbocharger cartridge 256.In one exemplary embodiment thickness t₃ of shim 246 may range fromabout 1.5 mm to about 2.5 mm.

FIG. 6 illustrates a cut-away view of an exemplary embodiment ofcompressor housing assembly 260 for compressor assembly 90 ofturbocharger 10. Compressor housing assembly 260 includes one or moreclamping plates 262 and one or more bolts 46 that cooperate to connectcompressor housing 40 with bearing housing flange 106 of bearing housing44. Clamping plate 262 may abut on compressor housing 40 and bearinghousing flange 106. In one exemplary embodiment, clamping plate 262 maybe a single generally annular plate disposed around rotational axis 50.Clamping plate 262 may have a front face 264 and a rear face 266disposed opposite to and axially spaced apart from front face 264. Aplurality of holes 268 may be disposed on clamping plate 262. Holes 268may be circumferentially spaced from each other. A circumferentialspacing between holes 268 may be uniform or non-uniform. Holes 268 maybe through holes that may extend from front face 264 to rear face 266.In some exemplary embodiments, holes 268 may have threads. Clampingplate 262 may have a radial width “W₁.”

Compressor housing 40 may have a compressor housing flange 270 attachedto volute top wall 98 and volute rear wall 100. Compressor housingflange 270 may have a generally cylindrical flange outer surface 272.Flange outer surface 272 may have a radius “R₇” relative to rotationalaxis 50. Compressor housing flange 270 may also include flange innersurface 274, which may have a radius “R₈” relative to rotational axis50. Radius R₈ may be larger than or about equal to radius R₃ of flangeouter surface 116 of bearing housing flange 106. Radius R₈ may also besmaller than radius R₇. Flange inner surface 274 may be disposedadjacent to and may abut on flange outer surface 116 of bearing housingflange 106 of bearing housing 44. Compressor housing flange 270 mayinclude a clamping face 276, which may extend radially from flange innersurface 274 at radius R₈ to flange outer surface 272 at radius R₇.Clamping face 276 may have a radial width “W₂,” which may be smallerthan a width W₁ of clamping plate 262.

Clamping face 276 of compressor housing flange 270 may includecompressor flange recess 278 and compressor flange lip 280. Compressorflange recess 278 may extend axially inwards from clamping face 276towards compressor front end 62 forming compressor flange lip 280 onclamping face 276. Compressor flange recess 278 may extend radiallyoutward from flange inner surface 274 to recess outer edge 282 disposedbetween flange inner surface 274 and flange outer surface 272.Compressor flange recess 278 may have a radial width “W₃,” which may besmaller than a radial width W₂ of clamping face 276. In one exemplaryembodiment width W₃ may range from about 70% to about 90% of width W₂.As illustrated in FIG. 6, compressor flange recess 278 may include arecess surface 284 axially spaced apart from clamping face 276 ofclamping plate 262. In one exemplary embodiment, an axial spacing ofrecess surface 284 from clamping face 276 may range from about 0.8 mm toabout 1.4 mm. Recess surface 284 may extend radially outward from flangeinner surface 274 to recess outer edge 282. Compressor flange lip 280may be disposed adjacent recess outer edge 282 of compressor flangerecess 278. Compressor flange lip 280 may extend radially outward fromrecess outer edge 282 to flange outer surface 272. As also illustratedin FIG. 6, front face 264 of clamping plate 262 may abut on compressorflange lip 280.

Recess surface 284 of compressor housing flange 270 may include aplurality of holes 286. Like holes 268, holes 286 may becircumferentially spaced from each other. A circumferential spacingbetween holes 286 may be uniform or non-uniform. Holes 286 may bearranged so as to align with holes 268. Holes 286 may also be threaded.Bolts 46 may pass through holes 268 and may be threadingly received inholes 286 to help connect clamping plate 262 with compressor housingflange 270. In some exemplary embodiments, bolts 46 may be alsothreadingly received in holes 268. Although FIG. 6 illustrates bolts 46being assembled with holes 268 and/or holes 286, it is contemplated thatthreaded studs (not shown) may be threadingly assembled into holes 286and nuts (not shown) abutting on rear face 266 of clamping plate 262 maybe attached to the studs to connect clamping plate 262 to compressorhousing flange 270.

Clamping plate 262 may include clamping plate overhang portion 288,which may extend radially inward from adjacent flange inner surface 274.Overhang portion 288 may include a front face portion 290 that may abuton flange rear surface 114 of bearing housing flange 106. As illustratedin FIG. 6, clamping face 276 of compressor housing flange 270 may bedisposed generally coplanar with flange rear surface 114 of bearinghousing flange 106. As also illustrated in FIG. 6, clamping plate 262may extend over compressor flange recess 278 and abut on compressorflange lip 280 and flange rear face 114 of bearing housing flange 106.Supporting clamping plate 262 at two radial locations in this manner mayhelp minimize and/or eliminate bending loads transferred by clampingplate 262 to bolts 46. Further, compressor flange recess 278 may permitclamping plate 262 to bend in compressor flange recess 278 betweencompressor flange lip 280 and bearing housing flange 106, when bolts 46are turned, helping to generate tensile loads in bolts 46. Tensile loadsgenerated in bolts 46 may in turn help to firmly attach clamping plate262 to compressor housing flange 270 and bearing housing flange 106.

FIG. 7 illustrates another exemplary embodiment of clamping plate 262,which may have one or more segments. FIG. 7 illustrates a view ofclamping plate 262 on a plane disposed generally orthogonal torotational axis 50. As illustrated in FIG. 7, clamping plate 262 mayinclude first clamping plate segment 292, second clamping plate segment294, and third clamping plate segment 296. Each of first second andthird clamping plate segments 292, 294, 296 may be an annular arc-shapedplates having one or more holes 286. As illustrated in FIG. 7, first,second, and third clamping plate segments 292, 294, 296 may becircumferentially disposed so as to circumscribe rotational axis 50 sothat holes 286 may also be circumferentially disposed around rotationalaxis 50. In one exemplary embodiment as illustrated in FIG. 7, each offirst second and third clamping plate segments 292, 294, 296 may includethree holes 286 circumferentially spaced equidistant from each other. Itis contemplated, however, that each of first second and third clampingplate segments 292, 294, 296 may include any number of holes 286, whichmay or may not be disposed circumferentially equidistant from eachother. Each of first, second, and third clamping plate segments 292,294, 296 may have an inner radius “R₉” and an outer radius “R₁₀” greaterthan R₉. It is contemplated, however, that first, second, and thirdclamping plate segments 292, 294, 296 may have the same or differentradii R₉ and R₁₀. Each of first, second, and third clamping platesegments 292, 294, 296 may span a circumferential angle “θ₇.” Forexample, circumferential angle θ₇ may be an angle between leading edge298 to trailing edge 300 of first, second, and third clamping segments292, 294, 296. It is contemplated, however, that first, second, andthird clamping plate segments 292, 294, 296 may span the same ordifferent circumferential angles θ₇. Although three clamping platesegments have been illustrated in FIG. 7, it is contemplated thatclamping plate 262 may have any number of arc-shaped clamping platesegments 292, 294, 296.

FIG. 8 illustrates a cut-away view of an exemplary embodiment of turbinehousing assembly 310 for turbine stage 14 of turbocharger 10. Turbinehousing assembly 310 includes one or more clamping plates 312 and one ormore bolts 48 that cooperate to connect turbine housing 42 and bearinghousing 44. Clamping plate 312 may abut on turbine housing 42 andbearing housing 44. In one exemplary embodiment, clamping plate 312 maybe a single generally annular plate disposed around rotational axis 50.It is contemplated, however, that like clamping plate 262, clampingplate 312 may also have one or more segments similar to first clampingplate segment 292, second clamping plate segment 294, and third clampingplate segment 296. It is also contemplated that clamping plate 262 mayhave a first plurality of clamping plate segments and clamping plate 312may have a second plurality of clamping plate segments. It is furthercontemplated that a number of clamping plate segments of clamping plate262 may be the same as or different from a number of clamping platesegments of clamping plate 312. In addition, it is contemplated thatclamping plate 312 may have a thickness, which may be the same as ordifferent from a thickness of clamping plate 262. Clamping plate 312 mayhave a front face 314 and a rear face 316 disposed opposite to andaxially spaced apart from front face 314. A plurality of holes 318 maybe disposed on clamping plate 312. Holes 318 may be circumferentiallyspaced from each other. A circumferential spacing between holes 318 maybe uniform or non-uniform. Holes 318 may be through holes that mayextend from front face 314 to rear face 316. In some exemplaryembodiments, holes 318 may have threads. Clamping plate 312 may have aradial width “W₄.”

Turbine housing 42 may have a turbine housing wall 320. Turbine housingwall 320 may include a notch 322. Notch 322 may have a notch innersurface 324 and a notch rear wall 326. Notch inner surface 324 may havea generally cylindrical shape disposed around rotational axis 50. Notchrear wall 326 may extend radially inward from notch inner surface 324and may be disposed generally orthogonal to rotational axis 50. Turbinehousing wall 320 may also include turbine inner surface 328, which mayenclose turbine wheel 34 (see FIG. 1). In addition, turbine housing wallmay include clamping face 330 disposed opposite the turbine innersurface 328. Clamping face 330 may extend radially outward from notchinner surface 324 to turbine wall outer end 332.

Clamping face 330 of turbine housing wall 320 may include turbine flangerecess 334 and turbine wall lip 336. Turbine flange recess 334 mayextend axially inwards from clamping face 330 towards turbine innersurface 328 forming turbine wall lip 336. Turbine flange recess 334 mayextend radially outward from notch inner surface 324 to recess outeredge 338 disposed between notch inner surface 324 and turbine wall outerend 332. Turbine flange recess 334 may have a radial width “W₅,” whichmay be smaller than a radial width W₄ of clamping plate 312. In oneexemplary embodiment radial width W₅ may range from about 70% to about90% of width W₄. As illustrated in FIG. 8, turbine flange recess 334 mayinclude a recess surface 340 axially spaced apart from clamping face 330of turbine housing wall 320. In one exemplary embodiment, an axialspacing of recess surface 340 from clamping face 330 may range fromabout 0.8 mm to about 1.4 mm. Recess surface 340 may extend radiallyoutward from notch inner surface 324 to recess outer edge 338. Turbinewall lip 336 may be disposed adjacent recess outer edge 338 of turbineflange recess 334. Turbine wall lip 336 may extend radially outward fromrecess outer edge 338 to turbine wall outer end 332. As also illustratedin FIG. 8, rear face 316 of clamping plate 312 may abut on turbine walllip 336. Recess surface 340 of turbine housing wall 320 may include aplurality of holes 342. Like holes 318, holes 342 may becircumferentially spaced from each other. A circumferential spacingbetween holes 342 may be uniform or non-uniform. Holes 342 may bearranged so as to align with holes 318. Holes 342 may also be threaded.

Bearing housing 44 may include a bearing housing flange 344. Bearinghousing flange 344 may have front face 346, rear face 348 disposedopposite front face 346, and bearing flange outer surface 350. Bearinghousing flange 344 may abut on notch rear wall 326 of turbine housingwall 320 such that bearing flange outer surface 350 may be disposedadjacent to and may abut on notch inner surface 324. Clamping plate 312may include an overhang portion 352, which may extend radially inwardfrom holes 318. Overhang portion 352 may include a rear face portion 354that may abut on front face 346 of bearing housing flange 344. Asillustrated in FIG. 8, clamping face 330 of turbine housing wall 320 maybe disposed generally coplanar with front face 346 of bearing housingflange 344.

Bolts 48 may pass through holes 318 and may be threadingly received inholes 342 to help connect clamping plate 312 with turbine housing wall320 and bearing housing flange 344. In some exemplary embodiments, bolts48 may be also threadingly received in holes 318. Although FIG. 8illustrates bolts 48 being assembled with holes 318 and/or holes 342, itis contemplated that threaded studs (not shown) may be threadinglyassembled into holes 342 and nuts (not shown) abutting on front face 314of clamping plate 312 may be attached to the studs to connect clampingplate 312 to turbine housing wall 320. As illustrated in FIG. 8,clamping plate 312 may extend over turbine flange recess 334 and abut onturbine wall lip 336 on turbine housing 42 and front face 346 of bearinghousing flange 344. Supporting clamping plate 312 at two radiallocations in this manner may help minimize and/or eliminate bendingloads transferred by clamping plate 312 on bolts 48. Further, clampingplate 312 may bend within turbine flange recess 334 when bolts 48 areturned, helping to generate tensile load in bolts 48. Tensile loading inbolts 48 may in turn help to firmly attach clamping plate 312 to turbinehousing wall 320 and bearing housing flange 344.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The disclosed compressor assembly 90 may be implemented to help reduceor eliminate leakage of air through gaps between vane tips 178 ofcompressor diffuser ring 60 and inner wall 132 of compressor housing 40.Compressor assembly 90 may also be implemented to help improve anefficiency of compressor stage 12 by using shim 246 dimensionallymatched to turbocharger cartridge 256 to help reduce or eliminate gapsbetween vane tips 178 and inner wall 132.

Additionally, compressor assembly 90 may be implemented to reduce oreliminate failure of compressor blades induced by excitation ofcompressor blades 26 caused by pressure wakes generated by vanes 148 indiffuser ring 60. Further, compressor assembly 90 may be implemented tohelp ensure that compressor housing 40, bearing housing 44, and turbinehousing 42 may be assembled without inducing bending loads on bolts 46,48. The disclosed compressor assembly 90 may also be implemented helpreduce wear on internal components of compressor assembly 90 caused bythermally induced relative movement between the components.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, during operation of turbocharger 10, exhaustgases from the engine (not shown) may enter turbine housing 42 viaturbine inlet 52, expand against turbine blades 38, rotating turbinewheel 34. Rotation of turbine wheel 34 may rotate shaft 18, which inturn may rotate compressor impeller 16. Air may enter compressor housing40 via compressor inlet 56 and exit compressor housing 40 via compressoroutlet 58. As air moves through compressor stage 12, the rotatingcompressor impeller 16 may accelerate the air. Air leaving outer edges78 of compressor blades 26 may be decelerated as the air flows betweenvanes 148 of diffuser ring 60. Deceleration of air in diffuser ring 60may increase a pressure of the air in volute 72 of compressor stage 12.Air compressed by the pressure generated in compressor stage 12 may beforced into the combustions chambers of the engine for combustion offuel. Air flowing in gaps between inner wall 132 and vane tips 178 canbypass the deceleration induced by diffuser ring 60, reducing theability of diffuser ring 60 to convert the kinetic energy of the airinto pressure in volute 72. Reduced pressure in volute 72 may adverselyaffect performance of the engine.

Compressor assembly 90 may include numerous features that help to reduceor eliminate gaps between vane tips 178 and inner wall 132 of compressorhousing 40. For example, compressor assembly 90 may include a wavespring 184 disposed between second web face 130 and back plate 146 ofdiffuser ring 60. Wave spring 184 may exert an axial force on back plate146 forcing diffuser ring 60 to move towards compressor front end 62 andpushing vane tips 178 to firmly come into contact with inner wall 132 ofcompressor housing 40. By forcing vane tips 178 to firmly abut on innerwall 132, wave spring 184 may help reduce or eliminate gaps between vanetips 178 and inner wall 132 at all operating conditions of turbocharger10. Wave spring 184 may also help reduce or eliminate damage caused tovanes 148 when the turbocharger is not operational by helping to urgevane tips 178 to come into contact with inner wall 132. Allowing vanetips 178 to remain in contact with inner wall 132 in this manner mayhelp prevent excessive vibration of vanes 148, which in turn may helpreduce or eliminate damage to vanes 148.

Furthermore, during operation of turbocharger 10, high pressure air fromvolute 72 may bleed through radial gap 168 into cavity 172. The highpressure air may help push back plate 146 away from second web face 130toward compressor front end 62, which in turn may urge vane tips 178 tofirmly come into contact with inner wall 132 of compressor housing 40.By forcing vane tips 178 to firmly abut on inner wall 132, bleed air incavity 172 may help reduce or eliminate gaps between vane tips 178 andinner wall 132 during high pressure operation of compressor stage 12.

Radial gap 168 and seal member 170 may also help back plate 146 ofdiffuser ring 60 to freely expand thermally during operation ofcompressor stage 12. For example, diffuser ring 60 may be made ofaluminum, aluminum alloy, or other alloys, which has a relatively highcoefficient of thermal expansion compared to compressor housing 40 andbearing housing 44, both of which may be made of an iron alloy or otheralloys. The radial gap 168 and the compressive nature of seal member 170may allow back plate 146 to expand without coming into contact with orinterfering with inner face 166 of volute rear wall 100 of bearinghousing 44. Moreover, because seal member 170 is disposed on ledge outersurface 136, which is disposed generally orthogonal to wave spring 184,the axial force exerted by wave spring 184 may not diminish thecompressive forces generated in seal member 170. As a result operationof wave spring 184 may not diminish the strength of the seal generatedby seal member 170 between ledge outer surface 136 and bottom face 158of back plate 146. Consequently, seal member 170 may be able to maintaina very effective seal, preventing recirculation of air from volute 72through cavity 172 and into passageway 134 during the entire range ofoperation of turbocharger 10, helping to improve the efficiency ofcompressor stage 12.

Referring to FIGS. 1-4, compressor assembly 90 may also help reduce oreliminate gaps between vane tips 178 and inner wall 132 of compressorhousing 40 by reducing the dimensional mismatch between compressorimpeller 16, shaft 18, turbine wheel 34, compressor housing 40, turbinehousing 42 and bearing housing 44. In particular, dimensions ofturbocharger cartridge 256 may be measured after assembling compressorimpeller 16, shaft 18, turbine wheel 34, turbine housing 42, and bearinghousing 44. A maximum thickness t₃ of shim 246 may be selected based onthe measured dimensions of turbocharger cartridge 256 and dimensionaltolerances associated with compressor housing 40. In particular, anaxial load may be applied to shaft 18, pushing compressor impeller 16away from turbine housing 42 and towards compressor front end 62. Anaxial distance “A” between recess seating surface 124 and a gagelocation 258, on compressor impeller 16, may be measured. Gage location258 may be a predetermined location on compressor impeller 16. Further,an axial distance “B” may be measured between rear face 118 of voluterear wall 100 and a gage location 259 on inner wall 132 of compressorhousing 40. In addition, a variation of distance B may be determinedbased on known manufacturing tolerances. Additionally or alternatively,the variation may be determined based on measurements of distance B on aplurality of compressor housings 40. A maximum thickness t₃ may bedetermined based on distance A, distance B, and the variation ofdistance B, so that that vane tips 178 may remain in contact with innerwall 132 of compressor housing 40. For example, thickness t₃ may beselected so that a distance “C” between recess seating surface 124 ofbearing housing flange 106 and gage location 259 may be greater than orequal to a sum of thickness t₃ and a maximum value of distance Bdetermined based on the variation in distance B. Shim 246 with theselected thickness t₃ may be fixedly attached to bearing housing flange106. Matching thickness t₃ of shim 246 to turbocharger cartridge 256 inthis manner may help ensure that vane tips 178 may firmly abut on innerwall 132 of compressor housing 40 regardless of the dimensionaltolerance variations expected in compressor housing 40. Thus, selectinga thickness t₃ for shim 246 matched to turbocharger cartridge 256 mayhelp reduce or eliminate gaps between vane tips 178 and inner wall 132of compressor housing 40.

Referring to FIG. 2, compressor assembly 90 may include vaneless space200 extending from outer edges 78 of a rearmost row 32 of compressorblades 26 and vane leading edges 180. A radial extent AR of vanelessspace 200 may be selected so that high frequency vibration of vanes 148caused by pressure wakes generated at vane leading edges 180 may bereduced or eliminated. In particular, the radial extent AR may beselected to be at least 20% of a maximum radius R₂ of compressor blades26 in rearmost row 32 of compressor impeller 16 to reduce or eliminatehigh frequency vibrations in compressor blades 26. A larger value of ARmay be advantageously selected to further reduce the effect of pressurewakes generated at vane leading edges 180 on compressor blades 26. Tominimize an overall volume of compressor stage 12, however, radialextent AR may be selected to range from about 20% to 40% of radius R₂.Selecting the radial extent of vaneless space 200 in this manner mayhelp to reduce or eliminate fatigue failures of compressor blades 26caused by vibrations induced in compressor blades 26 by pressure wakesgenerated at vane leading edges 180. Reducing or eliminating the fatiguefailures of compressor blades 26 may help extend a useful life ofcompressor assembly 90.

Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, tabs 226 may help to prevent rotation ofdiffuser ring 60 relative to rotational axis 50. Further, washers 244and fasteners 242 may help attach diffuser ring 60 to volute rear wall100 of compressor housing 40. Depths of recesses 220 and 239 may beselected so as to maintain an axial gap 234 between tab front face 228and recess rear face 222 of volute rear wall 100. Axial gaps 234 andradial gaps 236 between tab side surface 232 and recess side surface 224of recess 220 may help ensure that diffuser ring 60 and tabs 226 mayfreely expand relative to compressor housing 40 without significantlywearing out tab front face 228, tab rear face 230, and tab side surface232 during operation of turbocharger 10. In some exemplary embodiments,tabs 226 and diffuser ring 60 may be made out of aluminum, aluminumalloy, or other alloys, which may have a relatively high coefficient ofthermal expansion relative to compressor housing 40, which may be madeof an iron alloy or other alloys. During operation of turbocharger 10, atemperature of diffuser ring 60 and compressor housing 40 may increase.Diffuser ring 60 and tabs 226 may expand radially and axially to a muchlarger extent than volute rear wall 100 of compressor housing 40. Thus,tabs 226 may move radially and axially relative to compressor housing 40numerous times. For example, in one exemplary embodiment, tabs 226 maymove radially and axially relative to compressor housing 40 manythousands of times during operation of turbocharger 10. Radial gap 236may allow tabs 226 to expand freely without interfering with recess sidesurface 224. Further, axial gap 234 may allow tabs 226 to move relativeto recess rear face 222 without causing excessive wear of tabs 226.Thus, tabs 226 may allow diffuser ring 60 to be firmly attached tocompressor housing 40, while still allowing relative movement betweentabs 226 and recess rear face 222 of recess 220 in volute rear wall 100caused by differential thermal expansion of diffuser ring 60 andcompressor housing 40.

Additionally, when turbocharger 10 with four tabs 226 is mounted on ahorizontal surface with the gravitational direction being generallyorthogonal to the horizontal surface, first and second diametrical axes237 and 238 may be positioned symmetrically about the gravitationaldirection. Positioning first and second diametrical axes 237, 238 inthis manner may allow an entire weight of turbocharger 10 to be aboutequally distributed on each of the four tabs 226. Furthermore, such anarrangement may also allow additional radial loads generated by theoperation of turbocharger 10 to be distributed about equally between thefour tabs 226.

Referring to FIG. 6, compressor housing assembly 260 may help ensurethat bolts 46 are not subjected to bending loads when used to assemblecompressor housing 40 and bearing housing 44. As illustrated in FIG. 6,clamping plate 262 may be supported at radial locations by compressorflange lip 280 and flange rear face 114 of bearing housing flange 106.Clamping plate 262 may span compressor flange recess 278. Supportingclamping plate 262 at radially separated locations may allow clampingplate 262 to maintain compressor housing 40 and bearing housing 44 in anassembled configuration even when compressor housing 40 and bearinghousing 44 undergo different amounts of axial thermal expansion.Supporting clamping plate 262 on compressor flange lip 280 and bearinghousing flange 106 may also allow clamping plate 262 to bend intocompressor flange recess 278 as bolts 46 are turned. Bending of clampingplate 262 may help ensure tensile load is generated along a longitudinalaxis of bolts 46 while reducing bending loads on bolts 46. Moreover, thetensile load generated in bolts 46 because of bending of clamping plate262 may help maintain assembly of compressor housing 40 with bearinghousing 44 even if bolts become loose during operation of turbocharger10. Furthermore, because clamping plate 262 applies an axial load tomaintain assembly of compressor housing 40 and bearing housing 44,clamping plate 262 may allow compressor flange lip 280 and bearinghousing flange 106 to undergo different amounts of radial expansionwhile still maintaining a clamping load induced by bolts 46.

Referring to FIG. 8, turbine housing assembly 310 may help ensure thatbolts 48 are not subjected to bending loads when used to assembleturbine housing 42 and bearing housing 44. As illustrated in FIG. 8,clamping plate 312 may be supported at radial locations by turbine walllip 336 and bearing housing flange 344. Clamping plate 312 may spanturbine flange recess 334. Supporting clamping plate 312 at radiallyseparated locations may allow clamping plate 312 to maintain turbinehousing 42 and bearing housing 44 in an assembled configuration evenwhen turbine housing 42 and bearing housing 44 undergo different amountsof axial thermal expansion. Supporting clamping plate 312 on turbinewall lip 336 and bearing housing flange 344 may also allow clampingplate 312 to bend into turbine flange recess 334 as bolts 48 are turned.Bending of clamping plate 312 may help ensure tensile load is generatedalong a longitudinal axis of bolts 48 while reducing bending loads onbolts 48. Moreover, the tensile load generated in bolts 48 because ofbending of clamping plate 312 may help maintain assembly of turbinehousing 42 with bearing housing 44 even if bolts become loose duringoperation of turbocharger 10. Furthermore, because clamping plate 312applies an axial load to maintain assembly of turbine housing 42 andbearing housing 44, clamping plate 312 may allow turbine wall lip 336and bearing housing flange 344 to undergo different amounts of radialexpansion while still maintaining a clamping load induced by bolts 48.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that variousmodifications and variations can be made to the disclosed compressorassembly. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the artfrom consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosedcompressor assembly. It is intended that the specification and examplesbe considered as exemplary only, with a true scope being indicated bythe following claims and their equivalents.

What is claimed is:
 1. A compressor housing assembly, comprising: acompressor housing including a compressor housing flange; a bearinghousing, including: a body portion; a web extending outward from thebody portion to a web end, the web; and a bearing housing flangeextending radially outward from the web; a clamping plate having agenerally annular shape abutting on the compressor housing flange andthe bearing housing flange; and a fastener configured to attach theclamping plate to the compressor housing flange and the bearing housingflange.
 2. The compressor housing assembly of claim 1, wherein thecompressor housing flange includes a threaded hole, and the fastenerincludes threads that engage with the threaded hole.
 3. The compressorhousing assembly of claim 1, wherein the compressor housing flangeincludes: a generally cylindrical flange inner surface; a generallycylindrical flange outer surface; and a clamping face extending radiallyfrom the flange inner surface to the flange outer surface, the bearinghousing flange includes a flange rear surface, and the clamping face isdisposed generally coplanar with the flange rear surface.
 4. Thecompressor housing assembly of claim 3, wherein the clamping faceincludes: a compressor flange recess extending radially outward from theflange inner surface to a recess outer edge disposed between the flangeinner surface and the flange outer surface; and a compressor flange lipextending radially from the recess outer edge to the flange outersurface, and the clamping plate is configured to abut on the compressorflange lip and the flange rear surface.
 5. The compressor housingassembly of claim 1, wherein the clamping plate includes a plurality ofclamping plate segments disposed circumferentially relative to arotational axis of the compressor housing assembly.
 6. The compressorhousing assembly of claim 5, wherein a number of the clamping platesegments is
 3. 7. The compressor housing assembly of claim 1, whereinthe clamping plate segments include: a first clamping plate segmentspanning over a first circumferential angle; a second clamping platesegment spanning over a second circumferential angle; and a thirdclamping plate segment spanning over a third circumferential angle. 8.The compressor housing assembly of claim 7, wherein the firstcircumferential angle is about equal to the second circumferentialangle.
 9. The compressor housing assembly of claim 7, wherein the firstclamping plate segment has a first thickness, and the second clampingplate segment has a second thickness different from the first thickness.10. A turbine housing assembly, comprising: a turbine housing includinga turbine housing wall; a bearing housing, including a bearing housingflange; a clamping plate having a generally annular shape abutting onthe turbine housing wall and the bearing housing flange; and at leastone fastener configured to attach the clamping plate to the turbinehousing wall and the bearing housing flange.
 11. The turbine housingassembly of claim 10, wherein the turbine housing wall includes: aturbine inner surface configured to enclose a turbine wheel; and aclamping face disposed opposite the turbine inner surface, the bearinghousing flange includes: a front face; a rear face disposed opposite thefront face; and a bearing flange outer surface, and the clamping face isdisposed generally coplanar with the front face.
 12. The turbine housingassembly of claim 11, wherein the clamping face includes: a turbineflange recess extending axially inward from the clamping face towardsthe turbine inner surface; and a turbine wall lip disposed adjacent theturbine flange recess, and the clamping plate is configured to abut onthe turbine wall lip and the front face of the bearing housing flange.13. The turbine housing assembly of claim 12 further including aplurality of fasteners, wherein the turbine flange recess includes aplurality of circumferentially spaced holes, and the fasteners areconfigured to be threadingly received in the holes.
 14. The turbinehousing assembly of claim 13, wherein a circumferential spacing betweenthe holes is non-uniform.
 15. The turbine housing assembly of claim 10,wherein the clamping plate includes a plurality of clamping platesegments disposed circumferentially relative to a rotational axis of theturbine housing assembly.
 16. A turbocharger, comprising: a turbinehousing including a turbine housing wall; a turbine wheel disposedwithin the turbine housing and configured to be driven by exhaustreceived from an engine; a compressor housing including a compressorhousing flange; a compressor impeller disposed within the compressorhousing; a shaft connecting the turbine wheel and the compressorimpeller; a bearing housing, including: a first bearing housing flangeconfigured to be attached to the compressor housing flange; a secondbearing housing flange configured to be attached to the turbine housingwall; a first clamping plate having a generally annular shape abuttingon the compressor housing flange and the first bearing housing flange; asecond clamping plate having a generally annular shape abutting on theturbine housing wall and the second bearing housing flange; a firstfastener configured to attach the first clamping plate to the compressorhousing flange and the first bearing housing flange; and a secondfastener configured to attach the second clamping plate to the turbinehousing wall and the second bearing housing flange.
 17. The turbochargerof claim 16, wherein the first clamping plate has a first thickness, andthe second clamping plate has a second thickness different from thefirst thickness.
 18. The turbocharger of claim 17, wherein thecompressor housing flange includes: a compressor flange recess; and acompressor flange lip disposed adjacent the compressor flange recess,and the first clamping plate abuts on the compressor flange lip and thefirst bearing housing flange.
 19. The turbocharger of claim 17, whereinthe turbine housing wall includes: a turbine flange recess; and aturbine wall lip disposed adjacent the turbine flange recess, and thesecond clamping plate abuts on the turbine wall lip and the secondbearing housing flange.
 20. The turbocharger of claim 19, wherein thefirst clamping plate includes a first plurality of clamping platesegments, and the second clamping plate includes a second plurality ofclamping plate segments.